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the\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":19,"children":21},"code",{"className":20},[],[22],{"type":15,"value":23},"VK_KHR_swapchain",{"type":15,"value":25}," specification.",{"type":10,"tag":27,"props":28,"children":30},"h2",{"id":29},"_problem_statement",[31],{"type":15,"value":32},"Problem Statement",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":34,"children":35},{},[36],{"type":15,"value":37},"The following is a list of issues considered in this proposal:",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":40,"children":41},"ul",{},[42,48,53,58,63],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":44,"children":45},"li",{},[46],{"type":15,"value":47},"It is not directly known when a semaphore used for presentation can be\nrecycled.",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":49,"children":50},{},[51],{"type":15,"value":52},"Switching present modes requires a swapchain recreation",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":54,"children":55},{},[56],{"type":15,"value":57},"Upfront memory allocation is costly in startup time and memory",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":59,"children":60},{},[61],{"type":15,"value":62},"Unknown behavior when presenting a swapchain image to a surface with\ndifferent dimensions",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":64,"children":65},{},[66],{"type":15,"value":67},"Impossible to release acquired images without presenting them",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":70,"children":72},"h3",{"id":71},"_recycling_present_semaphores",[73],{"type":15,"value":74},"Recycling Present Semaphores",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":76,"children":77},{},[78,80,85,87,93,95,101],{"type":15,"value":79},"With ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":81,"children":83},{"className":82},[],[84],{"type":15,"value":23},{"type":15,"value":86},", there is no way to provide feedback as to when a\nsemaphore used for presentation can be freed or recycled.\nThe application would have to infer this information from when the fence of the\n",{"type":10,"tag":88,"props":89,"children":90},"em",{},[91],{"type":15,"value":92},"next",{"type":15,"value":94}," call to ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":96,"children":98},{"className":97},[],[99],{"type":15,"value":100},"vkAcquireNextImageKHR",{"type":15,"value":102}," that returns the presented image’s index\nhas been signaled.\nThis is needlessly complicated.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":104,"children":106},{"id":105},"_swapchain_recreation_on_present_mode_change",[107],{"type":15,"value":108},"Swapchain Recreation on Present Mode Change",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":110,"children":111},{},[112],{"type":15,"value":113},"Currently, when changing present modes, the Vulkan swapchain is required to be\nrecreated.\nThis is unnecessary if otherwise the swapchain is not changed, as the present\nmode does not affect the actual swapchain images and their associated memory.\nThis is realistically affecting apps that switch between\nVK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR and\nVK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR (in single-buffer applications).\nIn that case, a flicker is noticed as the swapchain is recreated and the old\ncontents of the swapchain is discarded.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":115,"children":117},{"id":116},"_upfront_memory_allocation",[118],{"type":15,"value":119},"Upfront Memory Allocation",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":121,"children":122},{},[123,125,131],{"type":15,"value":124},"Currently, Vulkan allows the application to record commands using any image\nfrom the swapchain.\nAdditionally, the application may use ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":126,"children":128},{"className":127},[],[129],{"type":15,"value":130},"VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR",{"type":15,"value":132}," at\nany time to bind an image to swapchain memory.\nThis requires swapchain implementations to allocate memory for all images\nupfront.\nThis is costly both in startup time, and potentially memory if all images are\nnot eventually acquired.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":134,"children":136},{"id":135},"_scaling_behavior",[137],{"type":15,"value":138},"Scaling Behavior",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":140,"children":141},{},[142,144,150],{"type":15,"value":143},"It is desirable for the application to specify a scaling behavior for when the\nswapchain extents do not match the surface’s, such as during window resizing,\ninstead of receiving ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":145,"children":147},{"className":146},[],[148],{"type":15,"value":149},"VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR",{"type":15,"value":151},".",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":153,"children":154},{},[155,157,163],{"type":15,"value":156},"See the proposal document for ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":158,"children":160},{"className":159},[],[161],{"type":15,"value":162},"VK_EXT_surface_maintenance1",{"type":15,"value":164}," for details.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":166,"children":168},{"id":167},"_releasing_acquired_images",[169],{"type":15,"value":170},"Releasing Acquired Images",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":172,"children":173},{},[174],{"type":15,"value":175},"When the swapchain needs to be recreated, it may be possible that an\napplication has acquired images from the old swapchain that it is no longer\ninterested in presenting to.\nHowever, it is unable to release those images before recreating the swapchain.\nAs a result, the application is forced to present to an old swapchain that may\nno longer match the surface.\nAdditionally, the memory allocated for the old and new swapchains coexist,\nincreasing peak memory usage.",{"type":10,"tag":27,"props":177,"children":179},{"id":178},"_solution_space",[180],{"type":15,"value":181},"Solution Space",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":183,"children":184},{},[185],{"type":15,"value":186},"There are generally two possible approaches to resolving these problems:",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":188,"children":189},{},[190,201],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":191,"children":192},{},[193,195,200],{"type":15,"value":194},"Have the application directly interface with the window system, bypassing\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":196,"children":198},{"className":197},[],[199],{"type":15,"value":23},{"type":15,"value":151},{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":202,"children":203},{},[204,206],{"type":15,"value":205},"Improve upon ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":207,"children":209},{"className":208},[],[210],{"type":15,"value":23},{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":212,"children":213},{},[214],{"type":15,"value":215},"The benefits of the first approach are:",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":217,"children":218},{},[219,224],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":220,"children":221},{},[222],{"type":15,"value":223},"Total control of the swapchain implementation by the application, which\nwould allow for prompt fixes of future issue",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":225,"children":226},{},[227],{"type":15,"value":228},"Works on existing drivers, removing any need for fallbacks",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":230,"children":231},{},[232],{"type":15,"value":233},"However, this approach results in duplicated effort among applications.\nA potential library with a swapchain implementation can be conceived which\ncould be updated and shipped with applications independently from driver\nupdates, though it lacks the benefit of driver updates bringing fixes and\noptimizations to all applications.",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":235,"children":236},{},[237],{"type":15,"value":238},"This proposal considers the second approach with the goal of improving the\nlarger Vulkan ecosystem while leveraging existing swapchain implementations\nwhich most applications have come to rely on.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":240,"children":242},{"id":241},"_recycling_present_semaphores_2",[243],{"type":15,"value":74},{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":245,"children":246},{},[247],{"type":15,"value":248},"There are three potential solutions for this:",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":250,"children":251},{},[252,264,275],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":253,"children":254},{},[255,257,263],{"type":15,"value":256},"A status query for present operations, potentially identified through ids\nassigned with ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":258,"children":260},{"className":259},[],[261],{"type":15,"value":262},"VK_KHR_present_id",{"type":15,"value":151},{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":265,"children":266},{},[267,269],{"type":15,"value":268},"A wait function similar to ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":270,"children":272},{"className":271},[],[273],{"type":15,"value":274},"vkWaitForPresentKHR",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":276,"children":277},{},[278,280,286],{"type":15,"value":279},"A fence passed to ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":281,"children":283},{"className":282},[],[284],{"type":15,"value":285},"vkQueuePresentKHR",{"type":15,"value":287}," that signals when the presentation\nengine no longer accesses the present semaphores",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":289,"children":290},{},[291],{"type":15,"value":292},"The last solution is adopted as it provides more power to the application\n(wait, in addition to query), as well as fitting better with event loops, other\nVulkan APIs and future work to enable timeline semaphores.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":294,"children":296},{"id":295},"_swapchain_recreation_on_present_mode_change_2",[297],{"type":15,"value":108},{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":299,"children":300},{},[301,303,309,311,317],{"type":15,"value":302},"Each present mode may require a different number of images.\nAdditionally, the ",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":304,"children":306},{"className":305},[],[307],{"type":15,"value":308},"VK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR",{"type":15,"value":310}," and\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":312,"children":314},{"className":313},[],[315],{"type":15,"value":316},"VK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR",{"type":15,"value":318}," present modes may require a\ndifferent image memory layout compared with the rest of the present modes.\nSwitching between non-shared present modes may or may not be possible on some\nimplementations.",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":320,"children":321},{},[322],{"type":15,"value":323},"Regarding image count, potential solutions are:",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":325,"children":326},{},[327,340],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":328,"children":329},{},[330,332],{"type":15,"value":331},"Specify all potential present modes at swapchain creation time",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":333,"children":334},{},[335],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":336,"children":337},{},[338],{"type":15,"value":339},"The swapchain would then allocate as many images to satisfy all present\nmodes",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":341,"children":342},{},[343,345],{"type":15,"value":344},"Increase the number of swapchain images as necessary when present mode is\nchanged",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":346,"children":347},{},[348],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":349,"children":350},{},[351,353,359],{"type":15,"value":352},"This requires the application to use 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error-prone",{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":391,"children":392},{},[393,395,400,402],{"type":15,"value":394},"Allow modifying present modes as needed, such as during a\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":396,"children":398},{"className":397},[],[399],{"type":15,"value":285},{"type":15,"value":401}," call",{"type":10,"tag":39,"props":403,"children":404},{},[405],{"type":10,"tag":43,"props":406,"children":407},{},[408],{"type":15,"value":409},"Implementations may support switching between present modes only in\ndisjoint subsets.\nThis subsets can be queried.\nAlternatively, Vulkan could divide the present modes into shared and\nnon-shared, with the latter conditional to a feature flag.",{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":411,"children":412},{},[413,415,420],{"type":15,"value":414},"The adopted solution in this proposal is to allow applications to specify a\npotential set of present modes at swapchain creation time.\nA query must be used to determine whether these present modes are compatible\nfor dynamic switching.\nThen, the application would pass the desired present mode to\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":416,"children":418},{"className":417},[],[419],{"type":15,"value":285},{"type":15,"value":151},{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":422,"children":423},{},[424],{"type":15,"value":425},"With the solution to the \"Upfront Memory Allocation\" problem, the application\ncan avoid paying any extra memory cost due to higher image counts until a\npresent mode that uses that many images is used.",{"type":10,"tag":69,"props":427,"children":429},{"id":428},"_upfront_memory_allocation_2",[430],{"type":15,"value":119},{"type":10,"tag":11,"props":432,"children":433},{},[434,436,441],{"type":15,"value":435},"This can be explicitly opted in with a new swapchain create flag.\nUsing this flag would prohibit problematic scenarios, such as using\n",{"type":10,"tag":18,"props":437,"children":439},{"className":438},[],[440],{"type":15,"value":130},{"type":15,"value":442}," with an image index that has 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